综述一 概念经济学专家李鉅威论： 释放加拿大经济潜力. 希望以保守党联邦议员身份振兴加拿大经济

Dr. Kui-Wai Li Aims to Revitalize Canada’s Economy as Conservative MP

Summary of Expert Scholar Kui Wai Li in the Field of Conceptual Economics (1)

— Unleashing the Potentials of the Canadian Economy—

（《北美财经网》记者张晋、钟坚石2024年7月28日报道）2024 年 7 月 23日 ，受邀参加了著名经济学家、前大学教授李鉅威（Charles）博士工作餐聚，他宣布将参加**士嘉堡-爱静阁**选区的联邦保守党提名。李博士拥有数十年的经济研究和学术经验，准备将其丰富的专业知识带到联邦政府层面，旨在应对加拿大紧迫的经济挑战，并使其释放全部经济潜力。

释放加拿大的经济潜力

Unleashing Canada’s Economic Potential

李博士对加拿大的愿景源于他对经济原则的深刻理解以及他对如何培育强劲可持续经济的承诺。“过去八年，联邦自由党政府的税收不断增加，债务不断增加，严重影响了加拿大经济，”李博士说。“我受到鼓舞，并准备为促进和改善加拿大经济而站出来，坚持由尊敬的皮埃尔·波利耶夫领导的保守党的原则。”

Dr. Li’s vision for Canada is rooted in his deep understanding of economic principles and his commitment to fostering a robust and sustainable economy. “With rising taxes and growing debt, the Liberal government over the past eight years has severely impacted the Canadian economy,” said Dr. Li. “I am encouraged and prepared to stand up for the promotion and improvement of the Canadian economy, adhering to the principles of the Conservative Party under the leadership of the Honorable Pierre Poilievre.”

 经济发展研究领域的良好业绩

A Proven Track Record in Economic Development

李博士的辉煌职业生涯包括 1990 年至 2010 年担任香港亚太经合组织研究中心主任，并在耶鲁大学、东京大学和多伦多大学等全球知名机构担任教职。他的著作包括《概念经济学：政治和社会科学中的联络作用》和《重新定义资本主义在全球经济发展中的作用》，反映了他对经济自由和发展的深刻见解。

Dr. Li’s illustrious career includes serving as the Director of the APEC Study Center in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2010, and holding teaching positions at prestigious institutions worldwide, including Yale University, University of Tokyo, and University of Toronto. His publications, such as “Conceptual Economics: The Liaising Role In Politics And Social Sciences” and “Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development,” reflect his profound insights into economic freedom and development.

加强加拿大的政策重点

Policy Priorities for a Stronger Canada

 李博士强调战略资源部署和惠及所有加拿大人的政策决策的重要性。“我们的政策必须全面、公正，并努力使每个加拿大人受益，”李博士表示。“我们需要关注当前问题和未来的可能性，确保经济可持续性和代际公平。”

Dr. Li emphasizes the importance of strategic resource deployment and policy decisions that benefit all Canadians. “Our policies must be comprehensive, unbiased, and work to benefit every Canadian,” Dr. Li stated. “We need to focus on both current issues and future possibilities, ensuring economic sustainability and intergenerational equity.”

促进加拿大经济的关键点

Key Points to Boost the Canadian Economy

– **先进技术**：促进技术进步，改善日常生活并保护资源。
– **Advanced Technology**: Promoting technological advancements to improve daily life and preserve resources.

– **人力资本**：加强教育并吸引技术移民，以填补专业劳动力的空白。
– **Human Capital**: Enhancing education and attracting skilled immigrants to fill gaps in the professional workforce.

– **私营部门赋权**：通过支持性政策和财政激励措施鼓励私人投资和企业。
– **Private Sector Empowerment**: Encouraging private investment and enterprise through supportive policies and financial incentives.

– **战略资源部署**：确保有效利用自然和金融资源促进经济增长。
– **Strategic Resource Deployment**: Ensuring effective use of natural and financial resources to foster economic growth.

呼吁士嘉堡-爱静阁居民采取行动

A Call to Action for Scarborough-Agincourt Residents

 李博士呼吁士嘉堡-爱静阁居民支持他在即将举行的保守党提名会议上的候选资格。“在加拿大联邦议会中拥有发言权非常重要，”李博士强调道。“我已准备好面对这个选区的挑战性任务，并通过有效的经济政策为所有居民提供更高质量的生活。” 

Dr. Li is calling on the residents of Scarborough-Agincourt to support his candidacy in the upcoming Conservative Party nomination meeting. “It is important to have a voice in Canada’s federal parliament,” Dr. Li emphasized. “I am prepared to face the challenging tasks of this riding and work towards a higher quality of life for all residents through effective economic policies.”

关于李鉅威博士

About Dr. Kui -Wai Li

 李鉅威博士拥有伦敦城市大学贝叶斯商学院的博士学位，并完成了哈佛大学的高管课程。他的学术历程包括伊拉斯姆斯大学、伦敦经济学院和伦敦大学玛丽女王学院的学位。李博士致力于经济研究和政策制定，使他成为加拿大经济振兴的坚定倡导者。

Dr. Kui-Wai Li holds a Ph.D. from the Bayes Business School, City University, London, and has completed executive programs at Harvard University. His academic journey includes degrees from Erasmus University, London School of Economics, and Queen Mary College, University of London. Dr. Li’s dedication to economic research and policy development positions him as a strong advocate for Canada’s economic revitalization.

出版物：

Publications:

• 《概念经济学：政治与社会科学中的联络角色》，2021年

• Conceptual Economics: The Liaising Role In Politics And Social Sciences, 2021

• 《全球经济发展中的资本主义再定义》，2017年

• Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development, 2017

• 《经济自由：香港的经验教训》，2012年

• Economic Freedom: Lessons of Hong Kong, 2012

• 《东亚的资本主义发展与经济主义》，2002年

• Capitalist Development and Economism in East Asia, 2002

如何支持李博士

How to Support Dr. Li

1. **加入保守党**：欢迎士嘉堡-爱静阁居民成为党员，并在提名会议上为李博士投票。会员费为 15 美元，可登录 www.conservative.ca 在线获取。
2. **在提名会议上投票**：只有居住在该选区的党员才有资格投票。提名会议将于 2024 年后续某个月举行。
3. **随时了解最新情况**：保留您的会员付款确认书作为购买会员资格的证明。
   1. **Join the Conservative Party**: Residents of Scarborough-Agincourt are invited to become party members and vote for Dr. Li in the nomination meeting. Membership can be obtained online for $15 at www.conservative.ca.
   2. **Vote in the Nomination Meeting**: Only party members residing in the riding are eligible to vote. The nomination meeting will be held sometime in 2024.
   3. **Stay Informed**: Keep your membership payment confirmation as proof of membership purchase.
   4. 加入联邦保守党    JOIN THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY

注释：概念经济学：

Conceptual Economics:

**概念经济学**是研究个人、企业和政府如何做出资源分配决策的学科。它涉及理解**微观经济学**（个人和企业的行为）和**宏观经济学**（整个经济的表现）。

**Conceptual Economics** is the study of how individuals, businesses, and governments make decisions about allocating resources. It involves understanding both **microeconomics** (the behavior of individuals and firms) and **macroeconomics** (the performance of the economy as a whole).

经济学中的关键概念：

Key Concepts in Economics:
1. **稀缺性和选择**：资源是有限的，因此必须选择如何使用它们。

**Scarcity and Choice**: Resources are limited, so choices must be made about how to use them.
2. **供给和需求**：商品和服务的可用性与对它们的需求之间的关系。

**Supply and Demand**: The relationship between the availability of goods and services and the desire for them.
3. **机会成本**：做出选择时放弃的成本。

**Opportunity Cost**: The cost of what you give up when you make a choice.
4. **市场均衡**：供给等于需求的点。

**Market Equilibrium**: The point where supply equals demand.
5. **经济体系**：社会组织经济活动的不同方式，例如资本主义、社会主义和混合经济。

**Economic Systems**: Different ways societies organize economic activity, such as capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies.

 

—综述：释放加拿大经济潜力—

—Summary： Unleashing the Potentials of the Canadian Economy—

作者：Dr. Kui Wai Li

李鉅威博士

I. 简介

Introduction

尽管加拿大是七国集团（G7）成员，但它与其他六国有很大不同。地理上，加拿大靠近美国，这为加拿大提供了巨大的优势，因为美国是世界上最大的跨境投资和贸易市场。加拿大拥有庞大的农业部门和丰富的自然资源，是一个自给自足的国家。尽管北部地区极寒且不适宜居住，但加拿大幅员辽阔，不应在土地利用上有问题。因此，应发展土地密集型产业，以提高所有加拿大人的福利。

加拿大是一个移民国家，不同种族和背景的人们在这里定居。移民通常是更有进取心的群体，通过他们的努力工作和奉献，为加拿大经济做出了积极贡献。加拿大的多民族特性促进了和平、稳定、和谐与繁荣。加拿大是一个公民社会，这意味着人们可以在不涉及政府的情况下获得不同层次的公民保护。许多政府和民间机构都准备帮助面临困难的个人。

Despite being a member in the G7, Canada can be a very different country that the other G6 countries.  Geographically, Canada’s proximity to the United States has provided Canada with a great advantage as the U.S. is the largest world market in terms of cross border investment and trade. With a sizeable agriculture sector, and the abundant natural resources, Canada is a self-sufficient country. Despite the extreme cold and uninhabitable weather in northern Canada, Canada is a big country and should not have problem in land deployment. As such, land-intensive industries should be developed to enhance the welfare of all Canadians. While there are various groups of indigenous and native people who have been protected by the law, Canada is basically an immigrant country where people of different ethnicities from different global continents have over the centuries and generations come to settle in Canada. Authorized migrants have always been the more enterprising group of individuals intended to start a new life in Canada, and through their hard work and devotion, they all have contributed to the Canadian economy positively. The multi-ethnics nature of the Canadian economy has promoted peace, stability, harmony, and prosperity. Canada is a civic society, implying that people can have different layers of civic protection without getting involved with the government. Numerous established government and civic institutions are prepared to help individuals faced with difficulties.

要了解加拿大经济如何改进，可以从一些重要因素入手。资源的开发和利用对于理解加拿大经济的潜力至关重要。然而，资源的生产力取决于两个其他因素：金融资源的可用性和基础设施的提供。投资和基础设施建设的方向和速度由政策决定。政策选择，例如是仅关注福利提供，还是鼓励和赋予个人能力以自我照顾，不依赖政府福利，将对经济产生巨大影响。

加拿大的经济增长取决于资源利用和政策优先级这两个关键因素。研究这两个问题可以为加拿大经济的发展提供一些指导。

To see how the Canadian economy can be improved, one can start by looking at some important factors. The development and deployment of resources is crucial in understanding how far the Canadian economy can go. However, the productivity of resources would depend on two other factors. Natural resources are immobile but can be made productive by the availability of financial resources, namely investment. Closely related to investment is the provision of infrastructure. What and where to invest and the kind of infrastructure to be built are influenced and determined by policies. The direction and pace of government policies can have huge economic impacts. The policy choice, for example, is whether the policies aim at embracing welfare provisions only, or the policies encourage and empower individuals to do their best so that they can take care of their own welfare and not rely on government welfare provisions.

Canada’s economic growth is determined by the two crucial factors of resources deployment and policies priorities. It should be interesting to examine these two issues as that can provide some guiding lights on the path of the Canadian economy.

II. 资源政治经济学

The Political Economy of Resources

加拿大拥有丰富的自然资源，可以通过科学和系统的方法进行开发，以确保在本地市场和出口市场的有效利用。本地市场的开发可以促进国内工业增长，创造就业机会，稳定物资供应，减少通货膨胀和对进口的依赖。出口自然资源，如石油，可以丰富出口业务，增强加拿大货币。强大的出口市场还可以促进更多的进口。除了自然资源，加拿大两侧的海洋也为我们提供了丰富的海洋产业和业务，这反过来可以丰富我们的食品供应链和出口市场。

Canada is blessed with rich natural resources which can be explored scientifically and systemically to ensure effective deployment in both the local market and the export market. Deployment in the local market could help growth in domestic industrial growth as that would produce domestic jobs and a steady material supply to reduce inflation and reliance on imports. Exporting of natural resources, such as petroleum, shall enrich the export business as well as strengthening the Canadian currency. A strong export market could also allow more imports to be conducted. Other than natural resources, the two oceans on both sides of Canada can provide us with abundant marine industries and business, which in turn can enrich our food supply chain as well as the export market.

我们需要特别努力的领域是开发能够服务于各种目的的先进技术。首先，我们应强调“应用技术”，即将现有技术应用于改善我们的日常生活。例如，由于加拿大是一个寒冷的国家，雪季漫长，如果能开发出一种“融雪”装置，使道路和高速公路上的冰雪能够被控制和融化，从而减少交通事故和人们的困苦。这种装置一旦开发出来，可以获得专利，并可以出售给其他有类似寒冷季节的国家。除了应对寒冷季节，技术进步还可以帮助保护和补充我们有限的资源。例如，海洋养殖可以保护海洋资源，水资源的保护也是我们应关注的技术领域，因为清洁水源可能很快会变得稀缺。

The area which we need to work extra hard is the development of advanced technology that would serve various purposes. Firstly, we should put our emphasis on “applied technology” where existing technology can be applied and deployed to improve our daily life. For example, since Canada is a cold country with a long snow season, should there be the technological development of a “snow melting” device such that ice and snow felt on the roads and highways can be contained and melted to reduce traffic accidents and human hardship. When developed, such a device can indeed obtain a copyright patent and can be sold to other countries experiencing a similar long cold weather season. Other than flighting with the cold season, technological advancement can help to preserve and replenish our limited resources. Examples include marine farming where marine resources can be protected, preservation on the use of water is another technological area we should focus on as clean water could soon be a scarcity.

技术进步是一项昂贵的业务。无论是来自公共资源还是私人资源，金融资源在加拿大一直是一个限制因素。一个亲福利的政府最终会导致历史性的巨额公共债务，而这一代人的过度支出不公平地将高税收的财政负担强加给我们的后代。相反，应鼓励私人资金来源，并应给予激励以促进私人投资于商业、研发和环境保护。考虑到加拿大是一个跨越不同时区的大国，可能是时候在我们的西海岸发展第二个金融股票市场，以筹集投资资金，并在金融上与我们的南方邻国建立更强的联系。加拿大第二个金融市场的发展应有助于在全球范围内加强我们的货币，因为外国公司将被吸引到我们的股票市场筹集资金。激活资本市场应使我们的企业获得更大的资金来源。

Technological advancement is a costly business. Financial resources, either from the public source or from the private source, have always been a constraint in Canada. A pro-welfare government has ended up with a historic large public debt and the over-spending of this generation has unfairly imposed a financial burden in the form of high taxation on our future generation. On the contrary, the private source of finance should be encouraged, and incentives should be given to promote private investment in businesses, research and development to advance technology, and investment in environmental protection. Given that Canada is a large country spread across different time zones, it may be timely to development a second financial stock market in our west coastto raise capital funds for investment and can financially connect stronger with our southern neighbors. The development of a second financial market in Canada should help to strengthen our currency at the global level, as foreign corporations will be attracted to raise capital in our stock market. Energizing the capital market should enable a bigger funding source available for our businesses.

人力资本是另一关键资源领域。决定我们人力资本的有两个来源：一个是教育水平和内容，例如高等教育机构的毕业生数量，以及学科内容的混合，例如具有科学和技术知识和培训的毕业生比例或社会科学和人文学科的毕业生比例。教育可能是昂贵的，因为培训费用高昂。一种可能性是改善教育的供给侧，即吸收进入教育系统的学生数量和覆盖与加拿大相关学科的能力。虽然加拿大的出生率保持稳定，但吸引“人才流失”到加拿大是一个可行的来源，即引进具有适当资格的移民来填补我们专业工人的供应缺口。新移民来到加拿大必须能够为我们的经济做出贡献，我们应劝阻那些旨在利用我们慷慨福利制度和医疗服务的人。

Human capital is another key area of resource. There are two sources that determine our human capital. One is the level and content of education, such as the number of graduates from tertiary institutions, and the mixture of subject contents, such as the proportion of graduates with scientific and technological knowledge and training or graduates of social sciences and humanities. Education can be cost, as training can be expensive. One possibility will be to improve the supply side of education, namely the capacity in terms of the number of students absorbed into the education system and the capability in terms of coverage of subjects relevant to Canada. While the birth rate in Canada has remained steady, attracting “brain drain” to Canada from other friendly countries is a viable source, namely the import of immigrants with appropriate qualifications to fill our gaps in the supply of professional workers. New immigrants coming to Canada must be able to contribute to our economy and we should discourage those aimed to exploit our generous welfare system and health provisions.

我们的经济发展确实有很多潜力。有效利用和部署我们的自然资源，包括土地、金融资源和人力资本，是加拿大经济发展和增长的关键。还应注意，资源的部署可以产生互补性、次要和倍增效应。一个良好的教育系统不仅会产生人力资本，还会吸引外国投资。一个可靠的金融系统不仅会吸引外国投资，还会导致金融稳健和全球范围内强劲健康的货币。先进的技术发展不仅会保护气候变化，还会改善公共安全和减少犯罪。一个领域的资源改进会溢出到另一个领域，从而产生倍增效应。

There are indeed plenty of potentials in the development of our economy. The effective use and deployment of our natural resources, including land, financial resources, and human capital would hold the key to the development and growth of the Canadian economy. One should also note that the deployment of resources can produce complementarity, secondary and multiplying effects. A good education system would produce not only human capital but would attract foreign investment. A reliable financial system would attract not only foreign investment but could result in financial soundness and a strong and healthy currency at the global level. An advance technological development would produce not only protection on climate change but improvement in public safety and crime reduction. Improvement in one area of resource would spillover to another area, thereby producing a multiplying effect.

III. 政策和优先事项

The Policies and Priorities

资源部署对经济的帮助程度在很大程度上取决于我们的政策方向。“以公民为先”始终是政策的目标，但也存在优先级和选择的问题。一个典型的优先级例子是我们是否只关注当前问题，还是应该有更大的远见来处理未来的可能性和潜力。在任何时候，总有一群人由于各种原因面临经济困难，因此必须有一项政策专门帮助有需要的人。然而，虽然我们应该同情并帮助有需要的群体，另一个重要的优先事项是制定能够提高我们未来能力和潜力的政策。

How far resource deployment could help our economy depends a lot on our policy direction. “Putting our citizens first” would always be the goal of policies. But there is also the question of priority and choice. One typical example on priority is whether we should look only into current issues and problems, or we should have a greater foresight to deal more with the future possibilities and potentials. At any point in time, there is always a group of people who need help as they for various reasons are faced with economic difficulties. Hence, there must be a policy which is devoted to helping needy individuals. However, while we should show our sympathy to help the needy group, another important priority is to engage policies that will improve our future capacity and capability.

在政策决策中，“短期”和“长期”之间的选择至关重要，因为未来的挑战是巨大的。我们需要为我们的后代建立一个经济，使他们能够安全和繁荣。我们需要建设一个未来的加拿大，使我们保持竞争力，不在全球表现中落后。我们需要建设一个未来的加拿大，以提高我们的经济可持续性，并确保资源仍然可供未来消费。确实，未来比现在更具挑战性。必须在处理当前问题和未来挑战之间采取平衡的方法。

The choice between the “short-term” and “long-term” in policy decisions is crucial as the future challenges are formidable. Typically, we need to build an economy for our future generation so that they are secure and can prosper. We need to build a future Canada so that we remain competitive and not lose in the global performance. We need to build a future Canada to improve our economic sustainability and ensure that resources will still be available for future consumption. Indeed, the future poses a greater challenge than the present. A balanced approach between dealing with the current problems and future challenges must be exercised.

我们的政府不能做所有事情。私营部门必须发挥主导作用，政策必须通过赋权过程来促进私营部门的活动，包括吸引投资以促进就业、建设基础设施、扩大生产力和学习准备。必须鼓励私营部门的人通过教育和培训、市场友好性和金融资源的可用性变得更加有进取心。然而，优先事项可能是有争议的，因为政策可能会影响不同利益相关者。通常，面临即时问题的人希望获得更多的短期援助，而专业人士则希望看到更强大的经济未来。经济学的第一课是机会成本，因为在一个领域部署资源意味着在另一个领域的资源会减少。政策决策者面临的不同之处在于，短期支出往往最终用于非生产性领域，如零售业务的消费支出。建设经济需要投资支出，这反过来可以产生商品和服务的生产。因此，增强我们未来经济的能力总是优于简单的短期消费支出。政策决策者的工作是解释他们的政策优先事项。

Our government cannot do everything. The private sector must take the lead, and policies must be geared to promote activities in the private sector through a process of empowerment, including policies to attract investment to promote jobs, build infrastructure, expand productivity, and preparedness to learn. People in the private sector must be encouraged to become more enterprising through education and training, market friendliness, and availability of financial resources. However, priorities can be controversial, as policies could impact on people with different vested interests. Typically, people with immediate problems would like to receive more short-term aid, while professionals would prefer to see a stronger economic future. The first lesson in economics is the opportunity cost, as the deployment of resources in one area would mean less will be available in another area. The difference facing a policy decision maker is that short-term spending tends to end up with spending in unproductive areas, such as consumption spending on retail businesses. To build an economy requires spending on investment, which in turn can generate production of goods and services. Hence, enriching the capacity of our future economy is always superior to simply short-term consumption spending. It is the job of policy decision makers to explain their policy priorities.

政策的阐述是一门艺术，因为每项政策都会产生直接和间接的结果。甚至可能在一项政策中实现不同的目标。例如，在住房问题上，一些政府只关心建造的住房单位数量，而更全面的住房政策应包括社会流动性的需求。年轻人倾向于住在较小的住宅中，但在职业生涯中期需要更大的住房单位来容纳更大的家庭。退休后，尤其是成年子女搬出去后，家庭规模的缩小意味着可能会缩小到较小的住宅。因此，住房政策可以解决住房循环问题。如果这是目标，住房政策应旨在增加较大的住房单位，使住在小住宅中的人可以搬迁，从而将小住宅留给首次购房者。因此，住房政策可以结合促进向上社会流动的多个社会经济目标。

Elaboration of policies is an art, as each policy would generate direct and indirect results. It may even be possible to achieve different goals in one policy. In the case of housing, for example, while some government concerned only with the number of housing units built, a more comprehensive housing policy should incorporate the need of social mobility. Young people tend to live in smaller dwellings but will move to large housing units when in their mid-career life and the need to house a larger family. Upon retirement, especially when grown up children have moved out, the reduction in family size would mean the possibility of downsizing to a smaller dwelling. Thus, there is the housing circuit that a housing policy can address to. If this is the goal, the housing policy should aim at increasing larger housing units so that people living in small dwellings can move up, leaving the smaller dwellings to the first-time home buyers, and so on. As such, a housing policy can incorporate more than one socio-economic goal of promoting upward social mobility.

资源是被动的，它们的部署必须依赖政策决策。然而，经济增长总是面临来自不同利益群体的挑战。因此，政策目标必须明确，以便团结人们支持这些政策。为了获得支持，政策必须全面、公正，并致力于惠及每个加拿大人。由于其关联性，不同的政策必须被构建和执行，以便不同的人可以获得不同的利益。总体而言，政策必须产生“正和”结果，即没有人会变得更糟。我们的经济可以在政策优先事项明确的情况下进步，各行各业的人们可以合作产生积极的结果。

Resources are passive and their deployment must require policy decisions. Yet, economic growth is always faced with challenges from people with diverse interests. As such, policy goals must be clearly stated as that would rally people to support the policies. To gain support, policies must be comprehensive, unbiased, and work to benefit every Canadian. Due to its connectedness, different policies would have to be constructed and executed so that different people could gain differently. In aggregate, policies must produce “positive sum” outcomes where no one would be worse off. Our economy can progress when policy priorities are clear, and people from all walks of life can cooperate to generate positive outcomes.

IV. 结论

Conclusion

了解我们国家拥有的资源类型及其市场潜力应能为加拿大经济的潜力提供一些见解。为了确保经济的可持续性，资源部署的问题还应包括保护和振兴我们有限资源的问题。政策优先事项的设定是理解经济增长的另一半，因为政策决策可能是有争议的，错误的政策会导致不利的结果。需要一个聪明和忠诚的政权从适当的角度制定政策。平衡的艺术和阐述政策目标的技巧对于成功实施政策至关重要，确保没有人因此变得更糟。确实，没有一项政策可以满足所有加拿大人的需求，可能需要实施不同的政策以应对不同的结果。

Having a good understanding of the kind of resources our country possess and the marketability of our natural resources should provide some ideas on the potential of the Canadian economy. To ensure economic sustainability, the question on the deployment of resources should also include the issue of preserving and revitalizing our limited resources. The setting of policy priorities is the other half in understanding economic growth because policy decisions can be controversial and wrong policies would result in unfavorable outcomes. It does require an intelligent and devoted regime to construct policies in a suitable perspective. The art of balancing and the skill in elaborating policy goals are crucial in successfully delivering policies where no one will be worse off as a result. Indeed, no one single policy can cover the need of all Canadians, and it is likely that different policies will have to be exercised and implemented to cater for different outcomes.

当然，还有许多其他政治和社会因素可以影响加拿大的经济增长。资源的可用性和适当的政策设置是加拿大经济繁荣的前提。目标是确保稳定增长，以便经济改善可以提高人们的福利，因为这是促进加拿大人生活水平的可靠途径。同样，生活水平的提高是繁荣的可靠途径，犯罪率的下降以及和平与社会和谐应是可以实现的“加拿大梦”。

Of course, there are numerous other political and social factors that can influence Canada’ s economic growth. The availability of resources and appropriate policy settings are the pre-requisites to economic prosperity in Canada. The goal is to ensure steady growth so that economic improvement can increase people’s welfare, as that is the sure way to promote Canadians’ standard of living. Likewise, a rising living standard is a sure ticket to prosperity, decline in the crime rate, and peace and social harmony. That should be the achievable “Canadian dream”.

原文：英文

中文翻译：张晋